During the discussion, one participant suggested that the United States take on the specific task of reducing the number of laboratories that store anthrax samples, noting that this could happen quickly if the U.S. government prioritizes consolidation at the international level. Panelists all noted that Congress still believes that CTR programs are very important. However, in the current fiscal environment, it is unlikely that RRT funding will increase, so programs will need to work creatively to address new challenges. The standard threat reduction funding model, in which Congress provides core funding and then increases budgets when a new threat arises, will not change. Under the RRT, the United States and recipient states have made significant progress in global security against the threat of weapons of mass destruction. Weapons deactivated and destroyed under this program include, for example: Under the treaty, Noblis will implement a technology-based approach to provide world-class advisory services that advance the mission of the CTR program, work with partners and allies to reduce or eliminate threats related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and materials, related technologies, facilities and expertise. 16 December 1994. Mikhailov de Minatom and U.S.

Secretary of Energy Hazel O`Leary sign the Warhead Safety and Security Exchange Agreement (WSSX). The agreement contains guidelines for cooperation to improve the safety of nuclear warheads in Russia. The Agreement enters into force on 1 June 1995. The program leads to a series of working groups, seminars, and exchanges between the United States. and Russian nuclear laboratories, in particular SNL and VNIIA.5 This cooperation makes it possible to plan and provide equipment to mitigate the consequences of accidents and to provide equipment to mitigate the consequences of accidents and to ensure authenticated surveillance and control, some of which were funded by the CTR of 1 June 2000. U.S. Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson and Secretary Adamov sign the protocol to extend the WSSX agreement and include cooperative activities related to the dismantling of nuclear warheads previously under the jurisdiction of the WD & FMT program. The WSSX contract will be renewed for another five years. It would not be extended again. June 1995. The DoE and the Belarusian government sign an agreement to implement MPC&A that provides for the modernization of MPC&A systems at the Minsk Institute of Nuclear Engineering in Sosny.

In June 2013, before the Nunn-Lugar Framework Agreement expired, Presidents Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin agreed to continue nuclear security efforts between the United States and Russia, albeit in abbreviated form. This new agreement is based on the 2003 Framework Agreement on a Multilateral Programme for the Nuclear Environment in the Russian Federation (MNEPR) and a related protocol signed on 14 June 2013. Under the conditions of this new framework, the United States is able to continue most of its nuclear security work, but has halted its joint efforts to dismantle missiles, bombers and chemical weapons. Russia has assumed financial and other responsibility for carrying out the last three dismantling efforts. The MNEPR protocol does not include the Russian Ministry of Defense (MOD) with its parties, so there is no legal framework for cooperation with the Ministry of Defense to reduce the threat. August 1995. Graham Allison testifies before the United States. The Senate warns that the threat of loose nuclear weapons persists and calls for the expansion of CSR funding to include the ”30,000 nuclear weapons remaining there; more than 1,000 tonnes of highly enriched uranium remaining; more than 100 tons of plutonium still present” in Russia.8 March 1, 2000. The United States establishes the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a separate semi-autonomous agency within the DoE responsible for the management and security of U.S. nuclear weapons, nuclear non-proliferation, and naval reactor programs.

Some criticize this decision as another bureaucratic layer that weighs on U.S.-Russian cooperation projects such as laboratory-to-laboratory cooperation. Turpen introduced Ambassador Ron Lehman, former director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and co-chair of the committee that drafted the NAS report in 2009. .